Biographical Mania: The Transformation of Biographical Theory in Nineteenth-Century America

Abstract

Summarizes the growth of biographical writing in American during the first half of the nineteenth century. Claims early biographers and the reading public were influenced heavily by Samuel Johnson’s essays pointing out the importance of biography as a tool for teaching character development. Notes how some groups argued against revealing personal details. Also cites the growing influence of Romantic theory on theories of biography. Works by Boswell and Lockhart, and the writings of Carlyle, played a pivotal role in shaping readers’ expectations. Determines that by mid-century, biography was considered a literary art, with detachment and vivid presentation of character important qualities. Claims popular opinion moved biographical writing toward a more aesthetic approach while demanding accuracy in details about the subject’s private life.